
Written solutions to the chapter problems. Check each step, then correct yourself.
1 Basic two-step equation ★★★
Subtract 5 from both sides: \(2x = 12\). Divide by 2: \(x = 6\).
Check: \(2(6) + 5 = 12 + 5 = 17\). The solution is \(x = 6\).
2 Subtracting first ★★★
Add 4 to both sides: \(3x = 15\). Divide by 3: \(x = 5\).
Check: \(3(5) - 4 = 11\). The solution is \(x = 5\).
3 Division inside ★★★
Subtract 3: \(\dfrac{x}{4} = 5\). Multiply both sides by 4: \(x = 20\).
Check: \(\dfrac{20}{4} + 3 = 5 + 3 = 8\).
4 Larger numbers ★★★
Subtract 2: \(7x = 49\). Divide by 7: \(x = 7\).
Check: \(7(7) + 2 = 49 + 2 = 51\).
5 Divide then subtract ★★★
Add 2: \(\dfrac{x}{3} = 6\). Multiply by 3: \(x = 18\).
Check: \(\dfrac{18}{3} - 2 = 6 - 2 = 4\).
6 Is it a solution? ★★★
- \(6(4) - 5 = 24 - 5 = 19\). Both sides are equal, so 4 is a solution.
- \(6(3) - 5 = 18 - 5 = 13\), and \(13 \neq 19\). So 3 is not a solution.
7 Two ways to start ★★★
Both are right. Mia: \(3x = 15\), so \(x = 5\).
Dev: divide every term by 3 to get \(x + 2 = 7\), so \(x = 5\).
Both ways give \(x = 5\). Check: \(3(5) + 6 = 21\).
8 Parentheses first ★★★
Divide by 4: \(x + 3 = 11\). Subtract 3: \(x = 8\).
Check: \(4(8 + 3) = 4 \times 11 = 44\).
9 A difference in parentheses ★★★
Divide by 3: \(x - 5 = 7\). Add 5: \(x = 12\).
Check: \(3(12 - 5) = 3 \times 7 = 21\).
10 Decimal coefficients ★★★
Subtract 1.5: \(2.5x = 10\). Divide by 2.5: \(x = 4\).
Check: \(2.5(4) + 1.5 = 10 + 1.5 = 11.5\).
11 Gym membership ★★★
Let \(m\) be the number of months: \(15m + 20 = 155\).
Subtract 20: \(15m = 135\). Divide by 15: \(m = 9\).
Lena has been a member for 9 months. Check: \(15(9) + 20 = 155\).
12 Taxi ride ★★★
Let \(m\) be the miles: \(2m + 3.5 = 17.5\).
Subtract 3.5: \(2m = 14\). Divide by 2: \(m = 7\).
The ride was 7 miles long (about 11.3 kilometers). Check: \(2(7) + 3.5 = 17.5\).
13 Fraction coefficient ★★★
Subtract 4: \(\dfrac{2}{3}x = 6\). Multiply by the reciprocal \(\dfrac{3}{2}\): \(x = 6 \times \dfrac{3}{2} = 9\).
Check: \(\dfrac{2}{3}(9) + 4 = 6 + 4 = 10\).
14 Find the error ★★★
The first step is right. The mistake is in the second step: \(5x\) means 5 times \(x\), so the inverse operation is dividing by 5, not subtracting 5.
Correct: \(x = 35 \div 5 = 7\). Check: \(5(7) + 10 = 45\).
15 Fractions on both terms ★★★
Add \(\dfrac{3}{4}\): \(\dfrac{x}{2} = \dfrac{5}{4} + \dfrac{3}{4} = \dfrac{8}{4} = 2\). Multiply by 2: \(x = 4\).
Check: \(\dfrac{4}{2} - \dfrac{3}{4} = 2 - \dfrac{3}{4} = \dfrac{5}{4}\).
16 Fraction times a sum ★★★
Multiply by the reciprocal \(\dfrac{4}{3}\): \(x - 8 = 9 \times \dfrac{4}{3} = 12\). Add 8: \(x = 20\).
Check: \(\dfrac{3}{4}(20 - 8) = \dfrac{3}{4} \times 12 = 9\).
17 Temperature conversion ★★★
Replace \(F\) by 77: \(1.8C + 32 = 77\). Subtract 32: \(1.8C = 45\). Divide by 1.8: \(C = 25\).
The temperature is 25 °C. Check: \(1.8(25) + 32 = 45 + 32 = 77\).
18 Notebooks and a pen ★★★
Let \(n\) be the price of a notebook in dollars: \(3n + 4.25 = 13.25\).
Subtract 4.25: \(3n = 9\). Divide by 3: \(n = 3\).
One notebook costs $3.00. Check: \(3(3) + 4.25 = 13.25\).
19 Arithmetic versus algebra ★★★
- Undo in reverse: \(33 + 9 = 42\), then \(42 \div 6 = 7\).
- Let \(x\) be the number: \(6x - 9 = 33\). Add 9: \(6x = 42\). Divide by 6: \(x = 7\).
- Both give 7. The arithmetic steps (add 9, divide by 6) are exactly the inverse operations used in the algebra. Check: \(6(7) - 9 = 33\).
20 Perimeter of a rectangle ★★★
Divide by 2: \(9 + x = 25\). Subtract 9: \(x = 16\).
The length is 16 cm. Check: \(2(9 + 16) = 50\).
Area: \(9 \times 16 = 144\), so the area is 144 cm\(^2\).
21 Negative coefficients ★★★
- Subtract 7: \(-3x = -18\). Divide by \(-3\): \(x = 6\). Check: \(-3(6) + 7 = -18 + 7 = -11\).
- Subtract 1: \(\dfrac{x}{-2} = 4\). Multiply by \(-2\): \(x = -8\). Check: \(\dfrac{-8}{-2} + 1 = 4 + 1 = 5\).
22 Create a word problem ★★★
Sample answer: a skate park charges $6 for entry and $4 per ride. Maya paid $30 in all. How many rides did she take?
\(4x = 24\), so \(x = 6\). She took 6 rides. Any sensible context with a fixed amount of 6, a repeating amount of 4 and a total of 30 is correct.
Test yourself: quick challenge for Grade 7
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